Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that cause respiratory illnesses in humans. They're named "corona" because of the crown-like spikes that are found on the surface of the virus. Serious acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)and, consequently,commonly known as the cold, are instances of coronaviruses causing illness in humans.
The new strain of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first discovered by Wuhan, China in December 2019. It has since spread to every country around the world.
What You Need to Know About Coronavirus , Covid-19
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What is the method of transmission?
It's probable that the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) originated in animals, and then spread to humans.
A person-to-person spread of the new coronavirus has been reported, however, it's still unclear how easily this happens.
Other human coronavirus strains are passed from person to via contaminated droplets from the person who is suffering with the disease (through coughing or the sneezing) or by hands that have been infected.
How does the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) propagate from individual to individual?
Coronavirus is likely to spread:
- The virus travels in drops of respiratory fluid released into air when an infected person is coughing, sneezing, talksor sings near you. The virus will be present if you take in these droplets.
- You also can get coronavirus by close contact (touching, shaking hands) with someone who has contracted the virus and later making contact with your face.
COVID symptoms in babiesor toddlers as well as children?
The majority of COVID-19 symptoms seen in infants and kids are milder than those seen in adults. A small percentage of children with COVID-19 may never show any sign of being sick in any way.
COVID-19 symptoms for children and adults include:
- Cough
- Shivers or fever
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Aches or pains in the body
- Sore throat
- A new loss of smell or taste
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- New fatigue
- Nausea or vomiting
- Runny nose, congestion
A few symptoms of COVID-19 hence the flu can be shared and it could be difficult to identity which one of them is present.
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"People suffering from flu-like symptoms should be aware of the possibility of exposing others to the flu and should be checked to see whether they have COVID" says Millstone. "Testing for influenza virus can be important, as available medicines can help reduce symptoms in those with influenza."
Cough and fever are typical symptoms of COVID-19 that affect adult and child populations. Shortness of breath can be likely to be seen in adults. Children may suffer from pneumonia but without any obvious symptoms. Children may also suffer from sore throat, excessive fatigueor diarrhea.
Howeverthe possibility of serious illness in children suffering from COVID-19 may be possibleand parents must remain on guard if their child has been diagnosedor exhibits evidence of, the illness.
What is the length of time someone with COVID-19 considered contagious?
If you've got COVID-19 it may take a few days to show symptoms- but you're contagious at this point. The infection is no longer contagious 10 days after your symptoms started.
The best way to stop spreading COVID-19 to other people is to:
- Maintain a distance of 6 feet from others whenever possible.
- Make sure you wear a mask made of cloth. It protects your nose and mouth when around people.
- Clean your hands frequently. If soap isn't available use a hand sanitizer with a minimum of 60% alcohol.
- Do not be a nuisance in your indoor space. The windows should be opened to let in outdoor air as much as is possible.
- Be sure to keep yourself isolated if you feel sick with symptoms that could be COVID-19 or are positive for COVID-19.
- Clean and disinfect regularly touched surfaces.
Do I need to let my kid wear a mask while at home?
The health of your child is an important consideration, and there may be instances where wearing a face mask at home is the most safe way to go.
If you're hosting guestsoutdoor, outdoor gatherings are more secure in comparison to gatherings inside. If your home is inherited by visitorsthen it's best for everyone to wear an air mask if the ventilation is poor or if physical distancing of at least 1 meter can't be maintained.
Children with symptoms of COVID-19 need to wear a medical mask when they're in shared areas, as long as they are able to tolerate it. Family members/caregivers who come within a distance of 1 meter from the sick child's place of reception must also wear a medical-grade mask.
What are coronaviruses? And the ways they infiltrate cells?
Coronaviruses are single-strandedRNA virus, about 120 nanometers in diameter. They are susceptible to mutations and recombinationand are therefore very multifaceted. There are about 40 different kinds (see Annexe 1) and they are most commonly found in human and non-human mammals and birds. They are found in bats and wild birds. They can also spread to other animals andhence to humans. COVID-19 is believed to originate within bats and then spread to snakes and pangolins, and hence to humans, perhaps because of contamination of meat from wild animalsthat are found in China's markets for meat.
The corona-like appearance that coronaviruses exhibit is caused by so-called spike glycoproteins, or peplomers, which are required for the viruses to get into host cells. The spike is comprised of two subunitsand one subunit S1, binds to a receptor that is located on the surface of the cellwhile the second unit, S2, fuses with the cell wall. The cell wall receptor for both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 is a form of angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE-2, different from the enzyme that's inhibited by conventional ACE-1 inhibitors, like enalapril and ramipril.
The S1 subunit of the spike is able to bind the ACE-2 enzyme located on the cell wall. a number of Tran's membrane serine protease, TMPRSS2, then activates the spikeand cleaves ACE-2. TMPRSS2 also acts on the S2 subunitto facilitate the fusion ofthe virus with the cell wall. The virus will then be introduced into the cell. Within the cell, the virus releases from the endosomes via acidification or by the activity of an intracellular cysteine protease known as cathepsin.
What should parents realize about coronavirus variants in babies or children?
Coronavirus variants, such as variants with mutations which make them more infectious, still spread, particularly in areas that have low levels of community COVID-19 vaccine.
Children who are too young to be vaccinated (and adults who haven't received coronavirus vaccines) it is crucial to follow proven COVID-19 precautions including wearing a mask out in public, as well as indoor locations to decrease the risk of contracting with coronavirus.
"Indoor activities are more hazardous than outdoor ones, however the risk can be mitigated by the use of masks, distancing hand washingand a better ventilation system," Millstone says.
Parents and caregivers should understand that children infected with the coronavirus are susceptible to complications that may require hospitalizationand could spread the virus to other children.
In rare instances, children infected with the coronavirus could develop a severe lung infectionand become very sickwith COVID-19. In some cases, deaths have been reported. This is why it's crucial to use precautions and prevent infection in children as well as in adults.